The filtration process -Step by step
Filling the chambers
The suspension (a mixture of solids and liquid) is pumped under pressure into the closed chambers. The filter cloths allow the liquid to pass through but retain the solids.
Formation of the filter cake
As filtration progresses, more and more solids accumulate on the filter cloth. This step is called cake-forming filtration. Inside the chambers, a uniform, dense filter cake forms. Unlike a membrane filter press, in a chamber filter press it is necessary for the chamber to be completely filled with solids in order to achieve low residual moisture and good cake discharge.
Filter cake washing
Some processes require filter cake washing, for example to remove unwanted substances such as chlorides from the filter cake. After the chambers are filled with filter cake, the cake is washed using the pressure washing plate principle with a suitable washing solution. During washing, water is pumped from one side of the chamber to the other through the filter cake, resulting in displacement and/or dilution washing.
Cake dewatering
After complete cake formation and any optional washing, the filter cake is usually further mechanically dewatered. During dewatering, compressed air is forced through the filter cake using the pressure washing plate principle, expelling free liquid from the cake pores.
Filter cake discharge/emptying the press
Once the cake has been mechanically dewatered, the filter press is opened. Depending on the type, all plates may be opened simultaneously, or the plates are moved individually manually or via a shifting mechanism. The filter cake either falls off the plates automatically or, depending on its adhesive properties, must be lifted or removed manually or with a discharge aid.
We would be pleased to explain in a personal discussion the special systems we offer for semi-automatic cake discharge.
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Filter cloth cleaning/cloth regeneration
Over time, filter cloths become clogged and must be cleaned periodically. Options for cloth regeneration include:
- manual high-pressure cleaning: The filter cloths are cleaned manually using a high-pressure cleaner. However, this method carries a high risk of mechanical damage to the cloths.
- automated washing system: The filter cloths are cleaned with a washing medium under high pressure, using a nozzle bar that automatically moves across the filter surface and washes off the adhering solids from the cake side.
- chemical cloth regeneration: The filter cloths are regenerated using diluted acid or alkali, depending on the application. The acids/alkalis gently dissolve the solids in the cloth. The filter press is closed before the flushing process, and the cleaning liquid is pumped through the press via various paths. Sealed filter plates with closed filtrate outlets are required for this method.
Due to its effectiveness and gentle treatment of the filter cloths, we prefer chemical cloth regeneration for most applications.